Chronic diseases and conditions are the leading cause of death and disability in Greece. The most common are cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus. Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol and tobacco use contribute significantly to the burden of chronic diseases. They are long-term conditions that can usually be controlled but not cured. People living with chronic diseases often have to manage daily symptoms that affect their quality of life and face acute health problems and complications that can shorten their life expectancy. The good news is that through effective behavior change efforts, appropriate medical management, and systematic monitoring to identify new problems, chronic diseases and their consequences can often be prevented or effectively treated.